ACCA《財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告》一課程不僅涵蓋了財(cái)務(wù)會計(jì)、財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表、公司合并報(bào)表、分析并解讀財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表等內(nèi)容，也是對《財(cái)務(wù)會計(jì)》的延伸，也是SBR的學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)。《財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告》考試主要有以下幾方面的考試內(nèi)容：

　　Section A(每題2分,共15題，）,sectionB（共3道長題，每題5小題，共15題)。

　　section B的題目是計(jì)算與文字混搭。每道大題中的五個小題相互不會有關(guān)聯(lián)?？脊偕踔凉膭羁忌茸龊唵挝淖植糠?。

　　個人預(yù)計(jì)sectionB會根據(jù)以前的大準(zhǔn)則題進(jìn)行改編,比如:flight line,Telepath,Shawler等都是曾經(jīng)比較經(jīng)典題目。SectionA,B題目會覆蓋整個syllabus,出鏡可能比較高：

　　■environmental provision滿足capitalizedas PPE/intangible,求期末相關(guān)總expense(即depreciation+interest expense);

　　■區(qū)分capital expenditure和revenue expenditure;

　　■capitalization of planned overhaul expense;

　　■repayment of government grant(兩種方法下都必須掌握?。?；

　　■capitalization of borrowing costs onqualifying asset(注意capitalization開始的時點(diǎn)是三個條件全滿足后，若相關(guān)工作暫停，capitalization必須暫停，完工時capitalization終止，和資產(chǎn)有沒有被使用無關(guān)。interest income降低CV of asset必須發(fā)生在capitalization period）；

　　■PPE和investment property互轉(zhuǎn)（特別是PPE轉(zhuǎn)成investmentproperty以公允價值計(jì)量）；

　　■capitalization of development expense(重要考點(diǎn)！PIRATE滿足前的expenses直接進(jìn)入P/L，完工后開始計(jì)提amortization增加當(dāng)期expense);

　　■計(jì)算recoverable value(higher of FVLCOS and value in use)to decide the amount of impairment;

　　■allocation of impairment in cash generatingunit(必會！）；

　　■reclassification requirements for NCAs heldfor sale and the definition of discontinued operation;

　　■conceptual framework有可能考哪些treatments滿足fair representation以及principle-based standard setting system的advantages;

　　■區(qū)分change in accounting policy(recognition,presentation andmeasurement)and change in accounting estimate;

　　■measurement of biological asset;

　　■assets outside the scope of IAS41;

　　■finance lease obligation table(withdeposit,both payment in advance and in arrears),straight line amortization ofoperating lease expense with premium or incentive;

　　■sale and finance lease back by using deferred income approach.

　　■Five steps of recognizing revenue（specially variable consideration,financing components and allocation of discount）；

　　■revenue recognized over time;

　　■consignment sales(when the control of asset transferred to dealer);

　　■sale and repurchase(essence=secured loan);

　　■bill and hold arrangement;

　　■four steps of construction contract;

　　■calculation of exchange profit or loss on monetary items;

　　■EPS calculation under rights issue（注意rights issue bonus fraction的計(jì)算）and comparative EPS of previous year;

　　■under full market issue combined with bonus(注意bonus fraction計(jì)算）；

　　■DEPs with convertible bond or share option(注意number offree shares的計(jì)算）；

　　■financial liability measured at amortized cost;

　　■split of equity and debt elements of convertible bond(注意similar bond without conversion回報(bào)率一定會高）;

　　■measurement of financial asset；

　　■factored receivable(如果壞賬風(fēng)險沒有轉(zhuǎn)移給保理人，則本質(zhì)：secured loan);

　　■合并報(bào)表，現(xiàn)金流量表和報(bào)表解析也會出現(xiàn)在section a特別是special organization之ratio選擇；

　　■Group's profit or loss on disposal of subsidiary應(yīng)該會出現(xiàn)在六月考試中！

　　SectionC：如果是非合并報(bào)表就會搭配合并報(bào)表解析，反之亦然

　　準(zhǔn)備非合并報(bào)表：考官在今年四月見面會中指出考調(diào)整retained earnings或者當(dāng)期net profit的可能性比考整個損益表的可能性大，剩下SFP或者SOCIE則會考整表。其實(shí)無論哪種類型，和考完整報(bào)表編制思路一樣的：先根據(jù)trial balance上余額列好相應(yīng)報(bào)表格式，注意一表一頁，行行留距！

　　F7報(bào)表考官基本以$'000為單位，workings也以此為計(jì)算單位。Standars adjustments包括：

　　depreciation on PPE,注意使用的方法。有時候會涉及revaluation of PPE，注意revaluation發(fā)生時點(diǎn)，是否需要transfer excess deprecation to retained earnings,以及revaluation gain是否增加當(dāng)期deferred taxliability;

　　the calculation of income tax charge,注意trialbalance上如果current tax出現(xiàn)在debit side說明去年under provision了，需要增加今年tax expense.

　　其他常見調(diào)整項(xiàng)：convertible bond:發(fā)行第一年末之liability closing balance;

　　financial liability之issue cost調(diào)整，interest expense以及closing balance都可以很好利用amortized cot table應(yīng)對。計(jì)算interest expense應(yīng)該使用effective interest rate(即implicit interestrate);

　　如果是financial asset-debt instrument measured at FVTOCI也可以應(yīng)用amortizedtable解決，interest income should be calculated假設(shè)如果以amortized cost進(jìn)行計(jì)量下之interest income,FV movement can be reclassified into P/L on disposal,issue cost should be capitalized on initial recognition;

　　有時候還涉及對revenue和期末存貨balance figure調(diào)整或者rights issue。這些調(diào)整項(xiàng)目相互獨(dú)立，意味著如果你struggle with one adjustment,just move on to another one!

　　如果是編制合并報(bào)表，可能其中一張表是整表，另外一張報(bào)表就考某些accounting items在合并報(bào)表中的期末余額?；菊{(diào)整項(xiàng)目包括：

　　deferred consideration,share for share exchange;

　　fair value adjustment of sub's net assets；

　　CV of goodwill at reporting date;

　　CV of NCI at reporting date;

　　group's reserve;

　　investment in associate;

　　intra-group trading:adjustment of unrealized profit,adjustment of intra-group interest,cash in transit,inventoryin transit（調(diào)整recipient賬戶),cancellation of current accounts between group members;

　　mid-year acquisition

　　報(bào)表解析：注意ratios計(jì)算，至多占4-5分，意味大家必須對公式十分熟悉！如果分析profitability一般從ROCE的變化入手，注意題目中除報(bào)表以外的文字信息，比如current year是否有新增或者出售子公司，如果有，可能會使得年度間ROCE不可比，特別是mid-year acquisition或者是disposal。記得ROCE=asset turnover*operating profit margin,所以進(jìn)一步要觀察asset turn over和operating profit margin的變化，別忘記無論收購還是出售子公司都可能發(fā)生significant amount of professional expenses但是they are one off in essence。

　　考官要求考生一定要能識別one off性質(zhì)的gain or expense,比如redundancy costs,disposal profit on sub or NCAs，incremental expenses for bidding an important contract or promoting a new product。而且在收購當(dāng)年不可能預(yù)計(jì)的benefits from expected synergy就能立即實(shí)現(xiàn)。如果企業(yè)把profitable的sub處置了,那director的動機(jī)是什么？是因?yàn)樽幽腹酒髽I(yè)文化無法整合還是母公司有可能做了重大戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整，準(zhǔn)備轉(zhuǎn)行，乘子公司還在盈利期將其出售賣個好價錢還是什么其他原因？在做liquidity分析前，先看看bank balance的變化，如果bank balance下降幅度比較大，分析一下原因，是收購新子公司？增購PPE？

　　觀察R/Es的變化，可以得出cash dividends paid,結(jié)合公司資金分配，判斷是否合理。所有和working capital efficiency相關(guān)ratios都有可能被：

　　收購，出售子公司

　　使用期末值

　　seasonal trading而扭曲。

　　Over trading是很多過于追求profit而不使用期限較長資金企業(yè)通病，如果不解決，進(jìn)入財(cái)務(wù)困境可能極大。財(cái)務(wù)杠桿率要和行業(yè)或者競爭對手?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)比較才有意義。如果一個企業(yè)處于business風(fēng)險較高行業(yè)，其一般會保持低杠桿否則total risk太高。杠桿過高,企業(yè)可能會錯過新的投資機(jī)會，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)有債權(quán)人會impose strict covenants?？傊?，能夠?qū)懙膒oints其實(shí)很多，大家一定要化使用考官給到的extra information結(jié)合ratio變化作出解析。

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