第1部分：詞匯選擇（第1～15題，每題1分，共15分）

　　下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語有下劃線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。

　　1. We've been through some rough times together.

　　A. long

　　B. short

　　C. happy

　　D. difficult

　　2. She gave up her job and started writing poetry.

　　A. lost

　　B. created

　　C. abandoned

　　D. took

　　3. Can you give a concrete example to support your idea?

　　A. special

　　B. good

　　C. real

　　D. specific

　　4. In the process, the light energy converts to heat energy.

　　A. changes

　　B. drops

　　C. reduces

　　D. leaves

　　5. The police took fingerprints and identified the body.

　　A. discovered

　　B. touched

　　C. recognized

　　D. missed

　　6. If we leave now, we should miss the traffic.

　　A. direct

　　B. mix

　　C. stop

　　D. avoid

　　7. It was a fascinating painting, with clever use of color and light.

　　A. familiar

　　B. wonderful

　　C. large

　　D. new

　　8. I propose that we discuss this at the next meeting.

　　A. suggest

　　B. request

　　C. demand

　　D. order

　　9. The company has the right to end his employment at any time.

　　A. offer

　　B. continue

　　C. stop

　　D. provide

　　10. I was shocked when I saw the size of the telephone bill.

　　A. excited

　　B. angry

　　C. lost

　　D. surprised

　　11. What are my chances of promotion if I stay here?

　　A. retirement

　　B. advertisement

　　C. advancement

　　D. replacement

　　12. We're happy to report that business is booming this year.

　　A. failing

　　B. risky

　　C. open

　　D. successful

　　13. We're seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues.

　　A. quick

　　B. regular

　　C. great

　　D. clear

　　14. The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village.

　　A. found

　　B. killed

　　C. jailed

　　D. caught

　　15. Rodman met with Tony to try and settle the dispute over his contract.

　　A. solve

　　B. avoid

　　C. mark

　　D. involve

　　第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16～22題．每題1分，共7分）

　　下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。

　　Breast Cancer Deaths Record Low

　　The number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.

　　The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11,990 women died in the UK in 2007.

　　The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1971-the year records began after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.

　　Professor Peter Johnson, Cancer Research UK's chief clinician, said: "It'S incredibly encouraging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years, despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often."

　　" Research has played a crucial role in this progress leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease."

　　" The introduction of the NHS(國民保健制度) breast screening program has also contributed as women are more likely to survive the earlier cancer is diagnosed. "Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45 ,500 women every year diagnosed with the disease-a 50% rise in 25 years.

　　The number of deaths peaked in 1989, when 15,625 women died. It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.

　　There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls.

　　Dr Sarah Cant, policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer, said: "It is great news that fe-wer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments, breastscreening and awareness of the disease. "

　　" However, this is still too many women and incidence (發(fā)生率) of the disease is increasing year by year. "

　　The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity(肥胖) and alcohol consumption.

　　16. 11,990 women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2007.

　　A. Right

　　B. wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　17. Breast cancer deaths began to be recorded in the UK in 1971.

　　A. Right

　　B. wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　18. The rate of breast cancer diagnosis in the UK has been dropping.

　　A. Right

　　B. wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　19. Breast cancer can come back 10 years after you were first diagnosed.

　　A. Right

　　B. wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　20. Breast cancer is more common in the UK than in many other countries.

　　A. Right

　　B. wrong

　　C. Not mentioned .

　　21. Fewer women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2005 than in 2004.

　　A. Right

　　B. wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　22. Obesity and alcohol consumption may also lead to some other diseases.

　　A. Right

　　B. wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第23～30題，每題1分，共8分）

　　下面的短文后有2項測試任務：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2~5段每段選擇1個最佳標題；(2)第27~30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定一個最佳選項。

　　Organ Donation and Transplantation

　　1 Organ donation(捐獻) and transplantation(移植) refers to the process by which organs or tissues from one person are put into another person's body.

　　2 The number of people needing a transplant continues to rise faster than the number of donors. About 3,700 transplant candidates are added to the national waiting list each month. Each day, about 77 people receive organ transplants. However, about 18 people die each day waiting for transplants that can't take place because of the shortage of donated organs.

　　3 There are no age limits on who can be an organ donor. Newborns as well as senior citizens have been organ donors. If you are younger than 18, you must have a parent's or guardian's consent (同意). If you are 18 years or older, you can show you want to be an organ and tissue donor by signing a donor card.

　　4 Many people think that if they agree to donate their organs, the doctor or the emergency room staff won't work as hard to save their life. This is not true. The transplant team is completely separate from the medical staff working to save your life. The transplant team does not become involved with you until doctors have determined that all possible efforts to save your life have failed.

　　5 If you need an organ transplant, your doctor will help you get on the national waiting list.Your name will become part of a pool of names. When an organ donor becomes available, all the patients in the pool are compared to the donor. Factors such as blood and tissue type, size of the organ , medical urgency(緊急) of the patient's illness, time already spent on the waiting list, and distance between donor and recipient(接受者) are considered.

　　23. Paragraph 2_______.

　　24. Paragraph 3 _______.

　　25. Paragraph 4 _______.

　　26. Paragraph 5 _______.

　　A. Quality of donated organ

　　B. Benefits of organ donation

　　C. Distribution of donated organs

　　D. Quality of donor medical care

　　E. Age limits of organ donation

　　F. Status of organ donation and transplantation

　　27. There is a great demand for _______.

　　28. Organ donors range in age from newboms to_______.

　　29. Doctors will try their best to save your life even if you've signed _______.

　　30. Various factors are considered when deciding on _______.

　　A. donated organs

　　B. the national waiting list

　　C. a donor card

　　D. senior citizens

　　E. all possible efforts

　　F. the most suitable candidate

　　第4部分：閱讀理解（第31～45題，每題3分，共45分）

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據短文回答其后面的問題，為每題確定一個最佳答案。

　　第一篇

　　U. S. Eats Too Much Salt

　　People in the United States consume more than twice the recommended amount of salt, raising their risk for high blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes, govemment health experts said on Thursday.

　　They found nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than l,500 mg per day, yet most consume closer to 3,500 mg per day.

　　"It's important for people to eat less salt. People who adopt a heart-healthy eating pattem that includes a diet low in sodium(鈉) and rich in potassium(鉀) and calcium(鈣) can improve their blood pressure, " Dr. Darwin Labarthe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in a statement.

　　" People need to know their recommended daily sodium limit and take action to reduce sodium intake , " Labarthe said.

　　The study in CDC's weekly report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of three adults should be consuming no more than l,500 mg of sodium per day because they are black or over the age of 40-which are considered high-risk groups.

　　Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3,436 mg of sodium per day, according to a 2005 - 2006 CDC estimate.

　　Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged, processed and restaurant foods. The CDC said it will join other agencies in the Health and Human Services department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food supply.

　　Nationwide, 16 million men and women have heart disease and 5. 8 million are estimated to have had a stroke. Cutting salt consumption can reduce these risks, the CDC said.

　　31. Too much salt raises one's risk for _________.

　　A. strokes

　　B. heart attacks

　　C. high blood pressure

　　D. all of the above

　　32. The recommended sodium intake for most U. S. adults is ________.

　　A. closer t0 3,500 mg per day

　　B. as much as 3,436 mg per day

　　C. no more than l,500 mg per day

　　D. less than 3,500 mg per day

　　33. A heart-healthy diet is one that contains ________.

　　A. a low level of sodium

　　B. a lot of potassium and calcium

　　C. no salt at all

　　D. both A and B

　　34. Nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups,________.

　　A. for they are inactive

　　B. for they are black or over the age of 40

　　C. for they frequently eat out

　　D. for they consume sodium every day

　　35. Packaged, processed and restaurant foods are known to be

　　A. good in taste

　　B. low in price

　　C. poor in nutrition

　　D. high in salt

　　第二篇

　　Sino-Japan Animosity (敵意) Lessens

　　Chinese and Japanese people view each other slightly more positively than last year, according to a survey released on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing.

　　The survey is jointly sponsored by China Daily and Genron NPO (非營利性的組織 ) , a Japanese think tank similar to the American Council on Foreign Relations. It also found overwhelming; a greement in both countries that Sino-Japanese relations were important

　　The survey is a pan of the Beijing-Tokyo Forum, an annual gathering of senior govemment officials and representatives from Chinese and Japanese NGOs(非政府組織) designed to improve communication and understanding between the two countries.

　　Conducted every year for five years now, the survey focused on two different groups of people:ordinary citizens, and intellectuals. In China, the intellectual group was comprised mainly of university students from well-known schools like Peking University. In Japan, the "intellectual" group was mainly made up of previous members of Genron NPO.

　　Among ordinary Chinese polled, 35. 7 percent said they have "very good" or "relatively good" impressions of Japan, a 5. 5-percentage-point increase compared with last year. 45. 2 percent of Chinese students had a positive impression of Japan, two percentage points more than last year. Only 26. 6 percent of Japanese have a positive impression of China, however.

　　Still, an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country said Sino-Japanese relations were "important" and wanted their leaders to deepen talks and cooperation with each other.

　　But 51. 9 percent of ordinary people and 42. 4 percent of students in China said they saw no change in relations between the two countries over the last year. In Japan, 64. 8 percent of those ordinary people and 53.4 percent of intellectuals surveyed shared the view that there was no improvement in bilateral ties this year.

　　Historical issues and territorial disputes remain two major obstacles to improving bilateral relations, the survey found. What concems the Chinese most are historical issues, visits by Japanese officials to Yasukuni Shrine(靖國神社) , and the Nanjing Massacre(大屠殺) .

　　Perceptions on economic and trade relations have improved, though. About 47 percent of ordinary Japanese said China had been "helpful" this year in fighting the global economic crisis, compared with just 30 percent last year. The percent of Japanese intellectuals who said Chinese economic growth was good for Japan increased from 65. 8 percent to 81.4 percent this year.

　　Cooperation in East Asian issues, trade and investment, energy, and the environment and climate change top the list of common concerns that people in China and Japan want their leaders to talk about in bilateral(雙邊的) meetings, the survey found.

　　Civil exchanges were regarded by the most people from the both countries as an important way to improve relations. 90. 7 percent of the students and 85. 7 percent of the ordinary people in China and 95. 8% of intellectuals and 74. 8% of the ordinary people in Japan viewed civil exchanges as " important" or " relatively important" .

　　Chinese and Japanese both learn about each other's countries mostly through television news and newspapers, the survey found.

　　36. Which of the following statements about the survey is true?

　　A. The survey was conducted on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing.

　　B. The survey is jointly sponsored by China Daily, Genron NPO and the American Council on Foreign Relations.

　　C. The survey found that people in both China and Japan generally agree that the relationship between the two countries is important.

　　D. The survey mainly focused on two different groups of people: ordinary citizens, and the university students.

　　37. According to the passage, the Beijing-Tokyo Forum .

　　A. is held every year in Beijing

　　B. aims at promoting communication between the two countries

　　C. mainly attracts representatives from the governments of the two countries

　　D. releases a survey on Sino-Japanese relation every five years

　　38. In the last year,_______% of ordinary Chinese and_______% of Chinese students have a positive impression of Japan.

　　A. 35.7; 45.2

　　B. 51.9; 42.4

　　C. 5.5; 26.6

　　D. 30.2; 43.2

　　39. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the major obstacles to improving bilateral ties?

　　A. Territorial disputes.

　　B. Trade frictions.

　　C. Visits by Japanese officials to Yasukuni Shrine.

　　D. The Nanjing Massacre.

　　40. The survey found that ________.

　　A. most Japanese had good or relatively good impressions of China

　　B. the bilateral relationship was perceived as being improved over last year by the majority of respondents from the both countries

　　C. an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country believed that the Civil exchanges were an important way to improve relations

　　D. the territorial issue ranked among the top list of common concems that people in both coun tries want their leaders to talk about in bilateral meetings

　　第三篇

　　Holding on to hope may not make patients happier as they deal with chronic illness or diseases, according to a new study by University of Michigan Health System researchers.

　　" Hope is an important part of happiness, " said Peter A. Ubel M. D. , director of the U-M Center for Behavioral and Decision Sciences in Medicine and one of the authors of the happily hopeless study, "but there's a dark side of hope. Sometimes, if hope makes people put off getting on with their life, it can get in the way of happiness. "

　　The results showed that people do not adapt well to situations if they are believed to be shortterm. Ubel and his co-authors-both from U-M and Carnegie Mellon University-studied patients who had new colostomies: their colons were removed and they had to have bowel movements in a pouch that lies outside their body.

　　At the time they received their colostomy, some patients were told that the colostomy was reversible-that they would undergo a second operation to reconnect their bowels after several months. Others were told that the colostomy was permanent and that they would never have normal bowel function again. The second group-the one without hope-reported being happier over the next six months than those with reversible colostomies.

　　" We think they were happier because they got on with their lives. They realized the cards they were dealt, and recognized that they had no choice but to play with those cards, " says Ubel, who is also a professor in the Department of Internal Medicine.

　　"The other group was waiting for their colostomy to be reversed, " he added. "They contrastedtheir current life with the life they hoped to lead, and didn't make the best of their current situation. "

　　" Hopeful messages may not be in the best interests of the patient and may interfere with the patient's emotional adaptation, " Ubel says. "I don't think we should take hope away. But I think we have to be careful about building up people's hope so much that they put off living their lives. "

　　41 Chronically ill patients may be happier ________.

　　A. if they keep thinking of their past

　　B. if they believe they'll recover

　　C. if they put off moving on

　　D. if they manage to get on with their life

　　42 What had happened to the patients under study?

　　A. They had just survived an accident.

　　B. They had just had an operation.

　　C. They had just injured their colons.

　　D. They had just made some pouches.

　　43 One group of the patients was happier because ________.

　　A. they made the best of their current situation

　　B. they were good at playing function

　　C. they regarded normal bowel function

　　D. they were promised another operation

　　44 The other group was not as happy because ________.

　　A. they accepted their current situation

　　B. they were anxious to get better

　　C. they missed their previous life

　　D. they refused to play cards

　　45 What could be the message of the passage?

　　A. Giving up hope means giving up happiness.

　　B. Letting go of hope is at times a better choice.

　　C. Hope is what makes people move on.

　　D. Hope frequently gets in the way of happiness.

　　第5部分：補全短文（第46~50題，每題2分，共10分）

　　下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據短文內容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。

　　Houses of the Future

　　What will houses be like in thirty years' time? No one really knows, but architects are trying topredict. _______(46)

　　Future houses will have to be flexible. In thirty years' time even more of us will be working from home. So we will have to be able to use areas of the houses for work for part of the day and for living for the rest. Families grow and change with children arriving growing up and leaving home. ________(47) Nothing will be as fixed as it is now. The house will always be changing to meet changing needs.

　　Everyone agrees that in thirty years' time we will be live in "intelligent" houses. We will be able to talk to our kitchen and discuss with them what to do. Like this, "We'll be having a party this weekend. What food shall we cook?" ________.(48) We will be able to leave most of the cooking to the machines, just tasting things from time to time to check.

　　The house of the future will be personal-each house will be different. _______(49) You won't have to paint them-you'll be able to tell the wall to change the color! And you don't like the color the next day, you'll be able to have a new one. _______(50)

　　A. What will our home be like then?

　　B. And the machine will tell us that food we will have to buy and how to cook it.

　　C. You will be able to change the color of the wall easily.

　　D. The only thing you won't be able to do is move the house somewhere else!

　　E. The house of the future will have to grow and change with the family.

　　F. The kid might take their bedrooms with them as they leave.

　　第6部分：完形填空（第51~65題，每題1分，共15分）

　　下面的短文有15處空白，請根據短文的內容為每處空白處確定一個最佳選項。

　　Swine Flu in New York

　　The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has confirmed cases of swine _______(51）in eight students at a New York preparatory(預科的) school, Mayor Michael Bloomberg said Sunday. The students have had only _______(52) symptoms and none have been hospitalized, he said. Some of the students have already recovered.

　　More than 100 students were absent from _______(53) due to flu-like symptoms last week.New York health officials tested samples for eight students Saturday and determined the students were probably _______(54) from swine flu, and the CDC confirmed the _______(55) on Sunday, Bloomberg said.

　　The announcement brings the _______(56) of confirmed swine flu cases in the United States to 20. Bloomberg said there is no _______(57) of a citywide outbreak(爆發(fā)) of the flu, and no sign of a potential outbreak of swine flu at _______(58) schools.

　　Some students at the school _______(59) spring break in Mexico, Bloomberg said, but authorities have not determined _______(60) any of the students with a confirmed case of swine flu was in Mexico. Someone who traveled to Mexico may not have had any flu symptoms but _______(61) on the flu to someone else, he noted.

　　Bloomberg called on students who are home sick to _______(62) home for 48 hours after their symptoms subside.

　　If symptoms are normal for a regular kind of flu, there is _______(63) need to go to a hospital, said Bloomberg. If symptoms become severe, as _______(64) any illness, people should go to the hospital, he said.

　　St. Francis, which has 2,700 students, announced it will remain closed for two days._______(65) whether the students' illnesses have been minor because they're young and healthy or because it is a minor strain of the virus, Frieden responded, "We don't know. "

　　51. A. fever B. cold C. sickness D. flu

　　52. A. severe B. mild C. physical D. typical

　　53. A. hospital B. school C. work D. home

　　54. A. recovering B. learning C. escaping D. suffering

　　55. A. choice B. treatment C. diagnosis D. doubt

　　56. A. number B. spread C. size D. amount

　　57. A. chance B. sign C. news D. hope

　　58. A. much B. other C. another D. few

　　59. A. traveled B. closed C. spent D. lasted

　　60. A. why B. whether C. how D. when

　　61. A. passed B. kept C. rolled D. swept

　　62. A. return B. stay C. leave D. go

　　63. A. no B. some C. any D. great

　　64. A. upon B. with C. along D. down

　　65. A. Told B. Tested C. Greeted D. Asked

　　2010年全國職稱英語衛(wèi)生類（C級）考試參考答案

　　第1部分：詞匯選項

　　1． D[解析]rough意為粗糙的、艱苦的，rough time指困難時刻，與difficult time意思一樣。long意為長的；short意為短的；happy意為幸福的，與rough意義相反。

　　2． C[解析]give up是"放棄"的意思。如：In view of the circumstances，we should giveup the plan．考慮到情況的變化，我們應該放棄這項計劃。abandon也是"放棄"的意思。如： After the age of about thirty he abandoned individual ambition．他一過三十就放棄了個人的雄心壯志。lost的意思是丟失；create意為創(chuàng)造；take意為拿。

　　3． D [解析]concrete意為具體的，它的同義詞是specific。如：In painting art，the expressed most specific theme and image is often the most abstract thinking．在繪畫藝術中，最具體的主題和形象所表達的往往是最抽象的思想。special的意思是特殊的；good，好的；real，真的。

　　4． A[解析]convert的意思是轉變、改變，change也是"改變"的意思。drop的意思是掉下、落下，而短語drop in意為順便走訪，如：Can you drop in at my office?你能順便到我辦公室來一下嗎?reduce是"減少"的意思；leave的意思是離開。

　　5．C[解析]identify是"識別、認出"的意思。如：We must also identify and nurture newtalent．我們也必須識別和培養(yǎng)新的人才。recognize也是"認出"的意思。discover指發(fā)現，如： Columbus was one of the first Europeans to discover North America．哥倫布是最早發(fā)現北美洲的歐洲人之一。touch，觸摸；miss，錯過、想念。

　　6．D[解析]該句中miss意為錯過、避開，和avoid同義。direct是"指揮"的意思；mix的意思是混合；stop意為停止。

　　7． B [解析]fascinating和wonderful都是極好的，奇妙的意思。familiar意為熟悉的； large意為大的；new意為新的。

　　8． A[解析]propose的意思是建議，與suggest同義。request和demand意思相近，意為要求；order是"命令"的意思。propose，suggest，request和demand后的從句需要用虛擬語氣，即(should)+動詞原形。

　　9． C[解析]end的意思是結束，終止；stop意為停止，與end意義相近。offer是提供、提議：continue意為繼續(xù)：provide意為提供。

　　10．D [解析]shock和surprise都有驚訝的意思。excited意為興奮的；anger，氣憤的；lost當動詞時是"遺失"的意思，用作形容詞，有"遺失的"或"迷惑的"之意。

　　11．C[解析]promotion和advancement都是"晉升"的意思。retirement是"退休"的意思；advertisement意為廣告；replacement意為替代。

　　12．D [解析]booming意思是興旺的，繁榮的。如：Port construction and investment isbooming all over the country．港口建設和投資的熱潮正在全國范圍內興起。failing意為下降的；risky意為冒險的，如：Doctors say the operation is too risky．醫(yī)生表示這項手術風險太大。open，開放的；successful，成功的。在該句中，successful相對其他選項更為合適。

　　13．D [解析]marked意為顯著的，明顯的。如：What is your most marked characteristic?你本身最顯著的特點是什么?clear也是"清晰的、明顯的"意思。quick的意思是快速的；regular，定期的，整齊的；great，偉大的。

　　14．D [解析]captured，捕獲，抓住，與caught同義。found意為發(fā)現；killed意為殺死； jailed意為監(jiān)禁。

　　15．A[解析]settle the dispute的意思是解決糾紛。同義的選項是solve。avoid意為避免，如：We must take measures to avoid the traffic accidents．我們必須采取措施避免發(fā)生交通事故。mark意為做標記；involve，卷入、陷入。和involve有關的短語有involved in卷入……；involve with涉及，和……有關。

　　第2部分：閱讀判斷

　　16．A[解析]第二段說The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11，990 women died in the UK in 2007．結合第一段可知，此句中的婦女死亡人數指死于乳腺癌的人數。所以本句正確。

　　17．A[解析]由第三段The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 197l-the year records began after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s．可知本句正確。

　　18．B [解析]第四段最后說"beast cancer being diagnosed more often"，因此該句是錯誤的。

　　19．C [解析]通讀全文，沒有提到本句的相關信息，選C。

　　20．C[解析]文中第七段提到Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK，但并未和其他國家進行比較，因此，本句Breast cancer is more common in the UK than in many othercountries．是否正確無法從文章中判斷，選C。

　　21．B [解析]從第八段The number of deaths peaked in 1989，when 15，625 women died． It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004．和第九段There was a slight risein 2005 and then two years offalls．可以判斷出該句是錯誤的。

　　22．C [解析]最后一段說obesity(肥胖)and alcohol consumption是誘發(fā)乳腺癌的原因之一，但并未提及其他疾病，因此選C。put down to的意思是"歸因于"。

　　參考譯文

　　乳腺癌死亡率創(chuàng)新低

　　婦女死于乳腺癌的記錄已經下降到了歷史最低，一年中死于乳腺癌的人數降到不足12000人，這是有史第一次。

　　英國癌癥研究中心的數據顯示，2007年英國婦女死于乳腺癌的人數是11990。

　　先前的最低點是在1971年，即開始做該統(tǒng)計的那一年。之后，直到20世紀80年代末期，死亡率逐年攀升。

　　英國癌癥研究中心的首席臨床醫(yī)師彼得·約翰遜教授說："雖然被診斷為乳腺癌的病例越來越常見，但是看到死于乳腺癌的女性比過去40年的任何時候都少真是令人歡欣鼓舞。"

　　"科學研究在對女性患者進行更有效地治療和更好地管理的過程中起到了至關重要的作用。"

　　"國民保健制度乳腺掃描計劃的引進也做出了貢獻，因為早期診斷出的癌癥患者更容易生存下來。"

　　在英國，乳腺癌是現在的最常見的癌癥，每年有45500位女性被診斷出患乳腺癌--這個數字在25年中增加了50％。

　　死亡的人數在1989年達到最高--15625位婦女死亡。接著死亡人數每年減少200到400人，這持續(xù)到2004年。

　　這一數學在2005年有輕微的上升，然后是兩年的下降。

　　"突破乳腺癌"的政策經理莎拉·肯特博士說："越來越少的婦女死于乳腺癌，對改善治療，乳腺掃描和疾病意識的影響力的著重強調，都是令人振奮的消息。"

　　"然而．仍然有很多婦女患病，這種疾病的發(fā)生率仍在逐年增加。"

　　不斷上升的乳腺癌發(fā)生率歸因于多種因素，其中包括肥胖和飲酒。

　　第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

　　23．F [解析]第二段中提到需要器官移植的人增加的速度遠遠大于器官捐獻者。每月有3700人加入等候者的行列。但每天只有77人接受器官移植。每天有18人在等待中死亡。 這些都是講目前器官捐獻和移植的狀況，因此選擇F。

　　24．E[解析]第三段第一句"There are no age limits on who can donate．"就說明此段和捐獻者的年齡有關。因此選E。

　　25．D [解析]第四段的中心是捐獻者不必為他們的醫(yī)療擔心，他們的醫(yī)療同樣有保障。因此選D。

　　26．C [解析]第五段講確定器官接受者的因素，也就是如何決定捐贈的器官給哪個患者。因此選C。

　　27．A [解析]從第二段可以看出A是正確答案There is a great demand for donated olgans.

　　28．D[解析]從第三段第二句"Newborns as well as senior citizens have been organ donors．"得出正確答案是D。

　　29．C [解析]結合選項，從搭配上看sign后面只能跟a donor card。從文章中第四段The transplant team does not become involved with you until doctors have determined that all possible efforts to save vour life have failed．也能看出答案是C。

　　30．F[解析]最后一段說When an organ donor becomes available，all the patients in the pool are compared to the donor．Factors such as blood and tissue type……are considered．因此F是正確答案。

　　參考譯文

　　器官捐贈和移植

　　器官捐贈和移植是指把一個人的器官或組織移入另一個人的身體的過程。

　　一直以來，需要器官移植的人數比捐助者的人數增加的速度快。每個月約有3700名等候移植者被添加到全國等候移植的名單中。每天大約有77人接受器官移植。然而，由于缺乏捐獻器官而無法進行移植的等候者中，每天有18人死亡。

　　器官捐獻者沒有年齡限制。新生兒以及老年人都可以成為器官捐獻者。如果你的年齡未滿18歲，那么你必須得到家長或監(jiān)護人的同意。如果你的年齡在18歲以上，你可以簽署捐贈卡，以表明你愿意成為器官和組織的捐贈者。

　　許多人認為如果他們同意捐贈器官，醫(yī)生或急診室的醫(yī)務人員就不會如不捐贈那樣努力來挽救他們的生命了。事實并非如此。移植團隊和拯救你生命的醫(yī)務人員是完全分離的。移植團隊不會和你打交道，除非醫(yī)生確定所有可能挽救你生命的努力都已經失敗了。

　　如果你需要器官移植，你的醫(yī)生會幫助你進入全國等待移植的名單中。你的名字將被加在一批人的名字當中。當器官捐獻者出現時，在這批名單中的所有患者都會和捐獻者比對。

　　很多因素會被考慮，如血液和組織類型，器官的大小，患者的病情是否緊急，等候的時間，捐贈者和接受者之間的距離。

　　第4部分：閱讀理解

　　第一篇

　　31．D [解析]由第一段的People in the United States consume more than twice the recom． mended amount of salt，raising their risk flor high blood pressure，heart attacks and strokes，government health experts said on Thursday．可知，A、B、C都出現了，因此選D。

　　32．C[解析]由第二段中…would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than 1，500 mgper day和第五段中…should be consuming no more than 1，500 mg of sodium per day…可知，每天鈉的攝入量不應超過1500毫克。因此選C。

　　33．D[解析]文章第三段說到People who adopt a heart-healthy eating pattern that includes a diet low in sodium(鈉)and rich in potassium(鉀)and calcium(鈣)can improve theirblood pressure，因此D是正確答案。

　　34．B [解析]第五段提到…they are black or over the age of 40-which are consideredhigh-risk groups，因此選B。

　　35．D[解析]第七段說Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged，processed and restaurant foods．因此選擇D。

　　參考譯文

　　美國人食鹽量過多

　　周二，政府部門的健康專家表示，美國人的食鹽量比推薦食用量的兩倍還多，這增加了他們罹患高血壓、心臟病以及中風的危險。

　　健康專家發(fā)現近七成的美國成年人屬于高危人群，如果他們每天的食鹽量不超過1500毫克，則會從中受益，然而大多數美國成年人的日食鹽量接近3500毫克。

　　疾病預防控制中心的達爾文·拉巴德博士在一份聲明中談到："少吃鹽對人們很重要。采用低鈉、高鉀、高鈣的飲食方式有助于維持心臟健康、改善血壓情況。"

　　拉巴德說："人們需要了解推薦日食鈉量的限制并采取措施減少鈉的攝入量。"

　　疾病預防控制中心每周公布的死亡和疾病的研究報告采用了全國普查的數據，結果顯示三分之二成年人的日食鈉量均不應超過1500毫克，因為他們是被視為高危人群的黑人或者年齡超過40歲的人。

　　然而，據疾病預防控制中心2005年到2006年的估計，美國大多數人的日食鈉量為3436毫克。

　　大多數食用鈉都來自于袋裝的、加工過的食品和餐廳食品。疾病預防控制中心稱其將和美國衛(wèi)生與公共服務部的其他部門一道聯(lián)手主要食品生產商和連鎖餐廳來降低食品供應中的鈉含量。

　　疾病預防控制中心稱，全國已有1600萬人罹患心臟病，估計還有580萬人已患中風。減少食鹽量可以使患這些疾病的風險降低。

　　第二篇

　　36．C [解析]從第二段最后一句話可知，中日兩國民眾普遍認為兩國之間的關系很重要。

　　37．B[解析]第三段明確表示，論壇的宗旨是為了增進兩國之間的溝通和理解。

　　38．D [解析]第五段中說本年度普通中國人和大學生中對日本印象較好的人所占比例分別為35．7％和45．2％，分別比上一年度增長5．5個百分點和2個百分點，因此可以計算出去年普通中國人和大學生對日本持積極態(tài)度的百分比分別為30．2％和43．2％。

　　39．B[解析]第八段列出了阻礙中日關系正常發(fā)展的主要障礙，分別是領土爭端和歷史問題，后者包括南京大屠殺和日本領導人參拜靖國神社。貿易摩擦則沒有提及。

　　40．C [解析]從倒數第二段提供的數據可知，中日兩國大多數人認為民間交往是促進兩國關系發(fā)展的重要途徑。

　　參考譯文

　　中日敵意減少

　　根據周三在北京舉行的記者招待會發(fā)布的調查顯示，較之去年，中日人民對待彼此的態(tài)度稍微積極了一些。

　　這項調查是由《中國日報》和Grenron共同負責的，Genron是日本一家非營利性組織，類似于美國外交關系委員會。它也曾壓倒性地贊同中日兩國關系很重要。

　　這項調查是北京一東京論壇的一部分。北京一東京論壇是一個中日兩國高級政府官員或非政府組織代表們會面的年會，旨在推動兩國間的相互理解和交流。

　　這項調查每年實施一次，現在已經是第五年了。它主要關注兩類人群：普通市民和知識分子。在中國被調查的知識分子主要是像北京大學這樣的知名大學的大學生們。而在日本的"知識分子"群體則主要是由非營利組織Genron的前任成員組成的。

　　被調查的中國普通市民中有35．7％的人認為他們對日本的印象是"很好"或是"相對較好"，比去年增長了5．5個百分點。45．2％的中國學生對日本有好感，比去年增加了2個百分點。但是，卻只有26．6％的日本人對中國有好感。

　　但是，兩國代表中仍然有壓倒性的多數人認為中日關系一直"很重要"，并且期待兩國領導們能相互加強對話和合作。

　　但是，在中國有51．9％的普通人群和42．4％的學生認為他們在過去的一年里沒有看到兩國關系的任何變化。在日本有64．8％的普通人群和53．4％的知識分子認為今年中日雙邊關系沒有任何進展。

　　調查顯示，歷史問題和領土依然是推動兩國雙邊關系的兩大主要壁壘。中國人最關注的問題有歷史問題：日本官員參拜靖國神社以及南京大屠殺。

　　不過，兩國在經濟和貿易關系的認識上有了改進。大約有47％的日本普通民眾認為今年中國人在對抗全球經濟危機上有很大的幫助，相比較而言，去年這一比率僅有30％。日本知識分子中認為中國經濟的發(fā)展有利于日本的比率從去年的65．8％上升到今年的81．4％。

　　調查發(fā)現，兩國在東亞事務、貿易和投資、能源以及環(huán)境和氣候變化方面的合作是中日兩國人民最關心的，他們期待兩國領導人在雙邊會議上能夠就此加強對話。

　　兩國大多數人民普遍認為民間交往是改善兩國關系的重要途徑。中國90．7％的學生和85．7％的普通民眾以及日本95．8％的知識分子和74．8％的普通民眾都認為民間交往"很重要"或是"相對重要"。

　　調查還發(fā)現，中國和日本都是主要通過電視新聞和報紙相互了解彼此。

　　第三篇

　　41．D [解析]第二段的最后一句sometimes，if hope makes people put off getting on withtheir life，it can get in the way of happiness．有時候，如果希望使人們不能適應自己的生活，那么希望就會阻礙幸福。也就是說，當人們能適應自己的生活時，就會更幸福。第五段也提到We think they weree happier because they got on with their lives． 因此選D。

　　42．B [解析]第三段說…studied patients who had Dew colostomies…，colostomy是結腸造口手術。因此B是正確答案。

　　43．A [解析]第五段說覺得幸福的那組"we think tlaey were happier because they got onwith their lives．"第六段說不幸福的那組"They contrasted their current life with the life they hopedto lead，and didn't make the best of their current situation．"因此覺得幸福的原因是A。

　　44．B [解析]答案所在段是第六段"The other group was waiting for tIleir colostomy to bereversecl．"he added．"Tlaey contrastecl their current life with the life they hoped to lead，and didn'tmake the best of tlaeir Current situation．"由此可見，不幸福的原因是B。

　　45．B [解析]該題目是文章主旨題。本文的中心是說希望不一定都能帶來幸福，要能面對現實，適應不幸，才會更幸福。A和c都與本文主旨不符。D中frequently(經常地)使用不當。B符合本文主題。

　　參考譯文

　　密歇根州立大學衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)研究人員的一個研究表明，對慢性病人來說，抱有希望或許并不能使病人更快樂。

　　行為與決策醫(yī)學U-M中心主任，快樂無望研究的作者之一，Peter A．ubel M．D說："希望是快樂的一個重要部分，但是希望有一個灰暗面。有時候，如果希望使人們不能適應自己的生活，那么希望就會阻礙幸福。"

　　這個結果顯示，如果人們認為目前的處境是短期的，人們就不容易適應它。來自卡內基梅隆大學的Ubel和他的合作者研究剛做完結腸造口術的病人發(fā)現，他們的結腸被移除，并且他們不得不排便于一個身體外面的袋子里。

　　在他們做結腸造口術的時候，一些病人被告知這個手術是可逆的--他們將在數月后接受第二次手術，重新建立正常的大便通道。而另外一些病人被告知這個手術是永久的，他們以后將再也沒有正常的大便功能。報道稱，第二組，就是沒有希望的那組，在之后的六個多月里比要做可逆結腸造口術的那組更快樂。

　　身兼內科醫(yī)學通訊員教授的ubel說："我們認為第二組比較快樂是因為他們適應了自己的生活。他們認識到自己手里的牌，并且知道除了玩這些牌沒有其他選擇余地。"

　　他同時補充道："第一組在等待他們的結腸造口手術被扭轉，他們總是拿現在的生活和他們想要的生活作比較，沒有很好地適應現在的情況。"

　　Ubel說："希望不一定給患者帶來最大的利益，它可能會干擾患者情緒的適應性，我認為我們不該放棄希望。但是我們在幫助別人建立希望時應該倍加小心，如果希望過大，他們就不能過真正屬于自己的生活。"

　　第5部分：補全短文

　　46．A[解析]該空格的前一句…architects are trying to predict(the houses of the future)，從第二段起是對未來房子的描述。此處填"What will our home be like then?"最為合適，起到承上啟下的作用。

　　47．E[解析]根據第二段內容，可以看出此處需要填的內容和"grow and claange withthe family"有關，因此選E。

　　48．B [解析]第三段講未來的廚房是智能的，我們可以和廚房里的機器交談，因此選B。

　　49．C[解析]這一段講房子可以自己改變顏色，所以C是正確答案。

　　50．D[解析]選項F放在此處顯得唐突，因為文章沒有對臥室進行描寫。而選項D是對未來房子整體上的描述，適合做為文章的最后一句話。

　　參考譯文

　　未來的房子

　　三十多年后的房子會是什么樣?沒有人真的知道，但是建筑師正在試圖預測。那么我們的房子將會是什么樣的呢?

　　未來的房子要靈活。三十年后，更多的人會在家里辦公。所以我們必須能夠使用房子的一部分辦公，另一部分用于生活。隨著孩子的出生、成長和離開家，家庭情況也會隨之發(fā)展、變化。未來的房子要能和家庭一起發(fā)展、變化。沒有什么會像現在一樣固定下來。房子將總是在變化，以滿足變化中的需求。

　　每個人都同意：再過30年，我們將生活在"智能"房子中。我們將能夠跟我們的廚房里的機器交談，和它們討論做什么飯。像這樣，"我們要在周末舉行晚會。做什么食物好?"機器就會告訴我們該買什么食物，怎樣做。我們可以把大部分的烹飪工作交給機器，只要不時品嘗、檢查食物就好了。

　　未來的房屋將是個人的--每個房子都會不同。你可以輕而易舉地改變墻的顏色。你不必去粉刷它們--你可以告訴墻，讓它自己改變顏色!如果第二天你不喜歡這顏色了，你可以再換一個新顏色。你唯一不能做的是把房子搬到其他地方去!

　　第6部分：完形填空

　　51．D [解析]豬流感是swine flu。文中出現過多次。

　　52．B[解析]從上下文得知，患病的學生中沒有人住院，有一些已經康復，因此他們的癥狀應該是比較輕的。所以選B。

　　53．B[解析]學校里的學生有了流感樣的癥狀，肯定是沒能上學。

　　54．D[解析]從上下文可以看出，紐約衛(wèi)生官員檢驗了8名學生的血樣后斷定他們很可能是患上了豬流感。suffer from意為患……病。

　　55．C [解析]疾病防控中心對紐約衛(wèi)生官員的診斷予以證實。diagnosis是"診斷"的意思。

　　56．A [解析]顯然此處應為確診的豬流感患者數量the number of confirmed swine fluCases。

　　57．B [解析]從上文和接下來的"no sign"就可以推斷出此處應為同樣的表達方式。sign意為跡象。

　　58．B [解析]其他學校沒有爆發(fā)豬流感的跡象。

　　59．C [解析]學校的一些學生是在墨西哥度的春假。spring break指春假。"度假"用動詞spend。

　　60．B [解析]從上下文可知，當局尚未確定被確診為豬流感的學生中是否有誰去過墨西哥。

　　61．A[解析]從上下文可知，某位去墨西哥旅游的學生自己可能沒有表現出任何流感癥狀，但卻把流感傳給了其他人。

　　62．B [解析]生病在家的學生在癥狀消退后，繼續(xù)在家觀察48小時。stay home呆在家里。

　　63．A[解析]接下來一句說，如果癥狀嚴重，人們應該去醫(yī)院。這是一個轉折句，因此前面的句子應該相反，即沒有必要上醫(yī)院。There is no：need to do sth．沒必要做某事。

　　64．B [解析]as with的意思是"和……一樣；正如"。

　　65．D [解析]從后面的"responded"一詞可以推斷出前面應該是"被問到"，即"Asked"。

　　參考譯文

　　紐約甲型H1Nl流感

　　紐約市長邁克爾·布隆伯格周日稱，疾病預防控制中心已經證實來自紐約一所預備學校的八名學生感染甲型N1H1流感。他說這幾名學生只是有輕微癥狀，沒有一名被送往醫(yī)院。部分學生已經痊愈。

　　布隆伯格說，上周100多名學生因類似該流感的癥狀而不能上學。紐約市衛(wèi)生官員周六對8名學生的血樣進行了檢驗，得出結論：這幾名學生很可能患有豬流感，疾病預防控制中心周日證實了這一診斷。

　　公告將美國確診的豬流感病例的數字上升到20例。布隆伯格說，現在并沒有爆發(fā)全市流感的跡象，也沒有跡象表明潛在甲型H1N1流感會在其他學校爆發(fā)。

　　布隆伯格說，這所學校的一些學生在墨西哥度過了春假，但是美國當局并不確定這些被確診患有豬流感的學生中是否有人在墨西哥度過春假。去過墨西哥的人可能并沒有任何的流感癥狀，但卻把流感傳給了別人。

　　布隆伯格號召生病在家的學生在癥狀消退后，繼續(xù)在家觀察48小時。

　　布隆伯格說，如果癥狀屬于普通流感，就沒有必要去醫(yī)院。如果癥狀加重，就如患有任何疾病一樣，病人必須去醫(yī)院就診。

　　擁有2700名學生的圣弗朗西斯宣布將封校兩天。當被問到學生的病癥較輕是因為他們年輕健康還是因為感染的是一種輕微病菌時，布隆伯格回應道："我們不得而知。"