閱讀理解（第3l～45題，每題3分，共15分）

　　請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,為每題確定1個最佳選項。

　　How the First Stars in the Universe Came into Existence

　　How the first stars formed from this dust and gas has been a burning question for years，but a state-of-the-art computer simulation now offers the most detailed picture yet of how these first stars in the universe came into existence，researchers say．

　　The composition of the early universe was quite different from that of today，and the physics that governed the early universe were also somewhat simpler．Dr．Naoki Yoshida and colleagues in Japan and the U．S．incorporated these conditions of the early universe，sometimes referred to as the "cosmic dark ages，"to simulate the formation of an astronomical object that would eventually shine its light into this darkness．

　　The result is a detailed description of the formation of a protostar-the early stage of a massive primordial star of our universe，and the researchers'computer simulation，which has been called a "cosmic Rosetta Stone．"sets the bar for further investigation into the star formation process．The question of how the first stars evolved is so important because their formations and eventual explo-sions provided the seeds for subsequent stars to come into being．

　　According to their simulation，gravity acted on minute density variations in matter，gases，and the mysterious"dark matter''of the universe after the Big Bang in order to form this early stage of a star-a protostar with a mass of just one percent of our sun．The simulation reveals how pre-stellar gases would have actually evolved under the simpler physics of the early universe to form this protostar．

　　Dr．Yoshida's simulation also shows that the protostar would likely evolve into a massive star capableof synthesizing heavy elements，not just in later generations of stars，but soon after the Big Bang．

　　"This geneal picture of star formation，and the ability to compare how stellar objects form in different time periods and regions of the universe，will eventually allow investigation into the originsof life and planets，"said Lars Hernquist，a Professor of Astronomy at Harvard University and a coauthor of this latest report．"The abundance of elements in the universe has increased as stars haveaccumulated，"he says，"and the formation and destruction of stars continues to spread these ele． ments further across the universe．So when you think about it．a(chǎn)11 of the elements in our bodies originally formed from nuclear reactions in the centers of stars，long ago．"

　　Their simulation of the birth of a protostar in the early universe signifies a key step toward theambitious goal of piecing together the formation of an entire primordial star and of predicting the massand properties of these first stars of the universe．More powerful computers，more physical data，andan even larger range will be needed for further calculations and simulations，but these researchers hope to eventually extend this simulation to the point of nuclear reaction in．itiation-when a stellar ob． ject becomes a true star．

　　"Dr．Yoshida has taken the study of primordial star formation to a new level with this simulation，but it still gets us only to the halfway point towards our final goal．It is like laying the foundation of a skyscraper，"said Volker Bromm，Assistant Professor of Astronomy at the University of Tex． as，Austin and the author of a companion article．"We must continue our studies in this area to un-derstand how the initially tiny protostar grows，layer by layer，to eventually form a massive star．Buthere，the physics become much more complicated and even more computational resources are needed．"

　　31．According to the first two paragraphs，the early universe_______．

　　A．was governed by simpler physics

　　B．got fewer stars shinning in it

　　C．started over 13 billion years ago

　　D．was composed in a way similar to that of today

　　32．What can the state-of-the．a(chǎn)rt computer simulation tell us about?

　　A．How the Big Bang occurred about 13 billion years ago．

　　B．How"cosmic dark ages"came into existence．

　　C．How dust grains and gases were formed after the Big Bang．

　　D．How the first stars canle into being after the Big Bang．

　　33．What does the"astronomical object"in paragraph 2 refer to?

　　A．cosmic dark ages．

　　B．dust grains and gases．

　　C．a(chǎn) protostar．

　　D．the early universe．

　　34．According to paragraph 4，what is NOT true about a protostar?

　　A．It developed into a massive star during the Big Bang．

　　B．It evolved from pre-stellar gases．

　　C．It was able to integrate heavy elements when evolving into a massive star．

　　D．It had a mass of one percent of the sun．

　　35．According to the last paragraph，all of the following are goals of the simulation project EXCEPT

　　A．to know more about the mass and properties of the first stars of the universe

　　B．to simulate the process of how the early universe began

　　C．to apply the simulation to the study of nuclear reaction initiation

　　D．to discover the truth about the formation of a protostar

　　參考答案及解析

　　31．A [解析]本題是細(xì)節(jié)考查題。題目是：根據(jù)前兩段，宇宙的早期_________。原文是 "宇宙最初的構(gòu)成同今天的有所不同，而宇宙早期的主要物理現(xiàn)象也比較簡單。"選項A"主要物理現(xiàn)象也比較簡單"；選項B"在其中閃爍的星星更少"；選項C"開始于130億年前"；選項D"和今天(宇宙)的構(gòu)成方式相似"。因此只能選A。

　　32．D［解析］本題是細(xì)節(jié)考查題。題目問：這臺最先進(jìn)的電腦模擬系統(tǒng)告訴我們什么? 原文是"現(xiàn)在一種最先進(jìn)的電腦模擬系統(tǒng)可以提供宇宙中最初的星辰產(chǎn)生的最詳細(xì)的圖片。" 選項A"130億年前宇宙大爆炸是如何發(fā)生的"；選項B"宇宙黑暗時代是如何形成的"；選項C "在大爆炸后宇宙微塵和氣體是如何形成的"；選項D"在大爆炸后宇宙最初的星辰是如何形成的"。因此只能選D。

　　33．C[解析]本題是細(xì)節(jié)考查題。原文是"這一時期有時也被稱為'宇宙的黑暗時代'，模擬了最終在夜空中閃耀的天體的形成過程。"選項A"宇宙的黑暗時代"；選項B"微塵和氣體"；選項C"原恒星"；選項D"宇宙早期"。因此只能選C。

　　34．A [解析]本題是細(xì)節(jié)考查題。題目問：根據(jù)第四段，如下關(guān)于原星辰的說法哪個不正確?原文第四段中提到了B、C、D的內(nèi)容，而提到A的相關(guān)內(nèi)容時原文是說"after the Big Bang"，在大爆炸之后。因此只能選A。選項A"在宇宙大爆炸中成為大恒星"；選項B"組成早期星辰的氣體"；選項C"在形成巨大星體時能夠合成重元素"；選項D"只有太陽百分之一大"。

　　35．B[解析]本題是細(xì)節(jié)考查題。題目問：根據(jù)最后一段，如下哪個不是此模擬工程的目的?原文最后一段作為此項工程的目的提及了A、C、D選項所述內(nèi)容，而B只是手段，而非目的。所以只能選B。選項A"更多的了解宇宙最初的星辰的體積和屬性"；選項B"模擬宇宙早期的形成過程"；選項C"將模擬結(jié)果應(yīng)用于核反應(yīng)的初期階段"；選項D"發(fā)現(xiàn)原星辰形成的真相"。

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