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第一篇Telling Tales about People

One of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.

　　An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it beginswith the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies of other writers, such as James Joyce, have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies, but they are very close to it.

　　Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently, though, the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeable with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.

　　Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life. In many senses, these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about. because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person, not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair, well-presented biography may take years to research and write.

　　練習(xí)：

　　1. This passage is mostly about________.

　　A) the characteristics of autobiographies, memoirs, and biographies

　　B) famous autobiographies

　　C) why biography can be difficult to write

　　D) differences between autobiographies and memoirs

　　2. Helen Keller wrote________.

　　A) a memoir

　　B) an autobiography

　　C) a work of fiction

　　D) a biography

　　3. Autobiography writers are not always objective because they________.

　　A) feel they have to make up details to make their books sell

　　B) constantly compete with biography writers

　　C) want to present themselves in a good light

　　D) have trouble remembering the good times

　　4. The writer introduces each category in the passage by________.

　　A) defining it

　　B) giving an example

　　C) explaining why it is hard to write

　　D) telling when people first began writing it

　　5. Diverse means________.

　　A) able to swim in deep water

　　B) similar or alike

　　C) varied or different

　　D) enjoying poetry

　　【答案】

　　1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. C

　　【譯文】

　　第一篇 講述關(guān)于人們的故事

　　最普遍的非小說類文學(xué)作品類型之一就是一些描述人們生活的故事，并且很多人喜歡閱 讀這類作品。這些故事大致分為三類：自傳、回憶錄和傳記。

　　自傳是作者記錄自己故事的文章。通常自傳會(huì)以作者最早期的回憶開始并以對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況 的總結(jié)作為結(jié)束。自傳的作者也許不會(huì)完全客觀地介紹自己。然而，他們給讀者提供了一個(gè) 途徑來了解自己比較好的行事風(fēng)格和為何成就這樣的自己。就像本杰明·富蘭克林和海倫·凱勒一樣，各種各樣的人們已經(jīng)寫了自傳。其他的作者就像詹姆斯·喬伊斯一樣僅僅寫了關(guān)于自己生活的虛構(gòu)小說。這些不是自傳，但是它們和自傳非常相近。

　　嚴(yán)格意義上來講，回憶錄是既注重作者本身的生活經(jīng)歷，也注重其所處的時(shí)代所發(fā)生的事件的自傳性的描述�；貞涗涀髡咄ǔ０堰@些事件作為他們生活的背景。他們?cè)敿?xì)地描述這些事件并論述這些事件的重要性。雖然近些年，回憶錄這個(gè)詞似乎開始變得可以和自傳互換,但是目前回憶錄也許還沒有因外界評(píng)論而有所改變。

　　傳記事實(shí)上是記錄（作者以外）其他人的生活。在很多方面，傳記也許是這三種非小說類文學(xué)作品中最難寫的了。自傳作者知悉他們所寫的事件因?yàn)樗麄兙蜕�活在其中。但是傳記作者不得不盡量從很多不同的渠道來收集信息。然后他們不得不決定包含哪種事實(shí)。他們的目標(biāo)是用比較全面的圖片來介紹一個(gè)人物，并不是過于積極也不是過于批判。一個(gè)公正并詳盡的傳記也許要花費(fèi)許多年來研究并進(jìn)行書寫。

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