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貨幣的職能
Anything which performs the functions of money is monoy. Money's essential characteristic is that it is generally acceptable. When people generally refuse to accept something as money， it is not money.
任何有貨幣功能的商品就是貨幣。貨幣的基本特征是它被普遍接受。當(dāng)人們普遍拒絕接受某種商品作為貨幣時，它就不是貨幣。
We can identify four important functions by money. First， money serves as a medium of exchange. Money simplifies the exchange of goods by providing a mutually acceptable item for exchange. Second， money provides a measure of value. Money provides a convenient yardstick by which to express the value of other goods. Third，money acts as a store of value. Money provides a neat， orderly form of wealth that may be temporarily held before it is spent on services or consumption goods. Fourth， money as a standard of deferred payments performs the function of establishing a future value or obligation in definitive terms.
貨幣有四大職能。第一，貨幣充當(dāng)一種交易雙方都愿意接受的媒介物，簡化了商品交換，執(zhí)行流通手段職能。第二，貨幣作為一種價值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，可用來表現(xiàn)商品的價值，并能夠衡量商品價值量的大小，執(zhí)行價值尺度職能。第三，貨幣在支付勞務(wù)或消費品之前，被當(dāng)作一般財富儲藏起來，執(zhí)行儲藏手段職能。第四，貨幣用來表現(xiàn)商品的未來價值，或明確債權(quán)債務(wù)關(guān)系，執(zhí)行支付手段職能。
The ideal money is something universally acceptable， easily stored and transported， and highly divisible. Precious metals have commonly been used as money for these reasons. The intrinsic value of gold and silver， the ease with which they can be carried， and the simplicity of weighing out any desired amount have promoted the use of these commodities.
理想的貨幣是被普遍接受的一般等價物，便于儲藏和攜帶，而且易于分割。貴金屬由于具備了這些條件，所以一直在充當(dāng)貨幣。金銀本身的內(nèi)在價值，攜帶方便、計量簡捷，使之從眾多商品中分離出來成為貨幣。
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