After weeks of paying steadily more for a tank of gasoline, American drivers are beginning to ease up on the gas pedal, but in today's global economy, that might not be enough to lower crude-oil prices and give a lift to U.S. growth.

　　加一箱油的花費(fèi)連續(xù)數(shù)周逐步攀升后，美國(guó)的司機(jī)們開始放松油門了，不過在當(dāng)今的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境下，這可能不足以讓原油降價(jià)并提振美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。

　　The U.S. Energy Department on Wednesday reported a 1.6% decline in a closely watched gauge of gasoline consumption, compared with a year ago. In the past, when U.S. drivers cut back, that has dented global demand for oil and depressed prices. After a lag, the lower prices would help the economy regain its footing─or at least remove a substantial headwind.

　　Elaine Thompson/Associated Press位于華盛頓州Bellevue的一個(gè)加油站，這里的油價(jià)是該地區(qū)最高的。周三，美國(guó)能源部（U.S. Energy Department）公布了備受關(guān)注的汽油消費(fèi)量數(shù)據(jù)，結(jié)果比一年前降了1.6%。過去，美國(guó)司機(jī)減少汽油用量就會(huì)導(dǎo)致全球?qū)κ偷男枨笫艽觳?huì)壓低油價(jià)。一段時(shí)間后，低油價(jià)可能會(huì)幫助經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)穩(wěn)定，或至少會(huì)消除一個(gè)巨大的逆風(fēng)因素。

　　But many oil experts believe that scenario won't play out this time, because U.S. drivers are no longer calling the shots. The rapidly industrializing economies of China, India, Brazil and even Saudi Arabia are. A possible result: an extended period of sluggish U.S. growth amid high oil prices.

　　但許多石油專家認(rèn)為，這次不會(huì)出現(xiàn)上述情形，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不是美國(guó)司機(jī)說了算了。起主導(dǎo)作用的是中國(guó)、印度、巴西甚至沙特阿拉伯等快速工業(yè)化的經(jīng)濟(jì)體。一個(gè)可能的結(jié)果是：由于油價(jià)居高不下，美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)緩慢增長(zhǎng)的局面會(huì)出現(xiàn)延長(zhǎng)。

　　"It's a new world," said oil economist James D. Hamilton, a professor at the University of California, San Diego. "The growth in newly industrialized countries is the key factor driving oil prices."

　　加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校（University of California, San Diego）石油經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家漢密爾頓（James D. Hamilton）說，世界不同了，新型工業(yè)化國(guó)家的增長(zhǎng)是推動(dòng)油價(jià)的關(guān)鍵因素。

　　As U.S. prices for regular gasoline hit $3.88 this week, their highest level since 2008, the Energy Department's report showed that the four-week average of gasoline produced by refineries was 9.1 million barrels a day, down 1.6% from a year earlier. It was the fifth-straight week of declining usage in this closely watched barometer of gasoline consumption.

　　本周美國(guó)普通汽油價(jià)格觸及每加侖3.88美元，達(dá)到2008年以來的最高水平，而美國(guó)能源部的報(bào)告顯示，煉油廠的四周平均每日汽油產(chǎn)油量為910萬桶，較上年同期跌1.6%。這是備受關(guān)注的汽油消費(fèi)量數(shù)據(jù)連續(xù)第五周下跌。

　　Oil prices, however, ticked up 55 cents to $112.76 a barrel in Wednesday trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange.

　　不過在周三，紐約商交所（New York Mercantile Exchange）油價(jià)每桶收漲55美分，達(dá)到112.76美元。

　　In the past few weeks, oil prices have risen sharply amid concerns about turmoil in oil-producing nations in the Middle East and North Africa. Analysts at Goldman Sachs believe this is adding about $10 a barrel to oil prices.

　　過去幾周，由于中東和北非產(chǎn)油國(guó)動(dòng)亂引發(fā)擔(dān)憂，油價(jià)已急劇攀升。高盛（Goldman Sachs）分析師認(rèn)為，這些地區(qū)的動(dòng)亂將每桶油的價(jià)格推高了約10美元。

　　But this short-term bump is partially obscuring a longer-term development in oil markets, the surging demand from China and other emerging economies amid constraint in global supplies.

　　然而這種短期漲價(jià)一定程度上模糊了石油市場(chǎng)的長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，雖然全球供應(yīng)緊張，但中國(guó)和其他新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體的需求卻在上升。

　　Economists believe that oil prices would still be above $100 even if peace broke out in North Africa and the Middle East. A key factor: China guzzled 874,000 more barrels of oil in March than it did a year earlier, a 10.6% increase despite high oil prices, notes Barclays Capital.

　　經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為，即便中東和北非停戰(zhàn)，油價(jià)可能仍會(huì)高于100美元。巴克萊資本（Barclays Capital）指出，一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素是：盡管油價(jià)走高，但中國(guó)3月份消耗的石油比去年同期多87.4萬桶，漲幅10.6%。

　　Since 2000, U.S. oil consumption has edged down 4% to 19.2 million barrels a day. In the same period, the combined demand from Brazil, India, China and Saudi Arabia has risen 76% to 18.8 million barrels, nearly matching the U.S. By itself, China has more than doubled oil consumption to 9.4 million barrels, according to data from the International Energy Agency.

　　自2000年以來，美國(guó)石油消費(fèi)量已經(jīng)跌了4%，降至每天1,920萬桶，而巴西、印度、中國(guó)和沙特四國(guó)的總消費(fèi)量增長(zhǎng)了76%至1,880萬桶，幾乎與美國(guó)的消費(fèi)量相當(dāng)。國(guó)際能源署（International Energy Agency）的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國(guó)的石油消費(fèi)量增長(zhǎng)了一倍多，增至940萬桶。

　　"In some respects, the Chinese are pushing us into small cars so they can consume more oil," said Stephen Brown, a professor at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and former energy economist with the Dallas Federal Reserve Bank.

　　內(nèi)華達(dá)大學(xué)拉斯維加斯分校（University of Nevada, Las Vegas）教授、曾任達(dá)拉斯聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備銀行（Dallas Federal Reserve Bank）能源經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的布朗（Stephen Brown）說，從某些方面而言，中國(guó)正在推動(dòng)美國(guó)人轉(zhuǎn)用小型車，這樣中國(guó)就能消費(fèi)更多石油。

　　Rising gasoline prices, economists say, have sapped consumer confidence and altered spending patterns. They are slowing U.S. gross domestic product growth from an already sluggish level.

　　經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家說，不斷上漲的汽油價(jià)格已經(jīng)削弱了消費(fèi)者的信心并改變了消費(fèi)模式。高油價(jià)正在減緩美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GD）原本已屬緩慢的增長(zhǎng)。

　　So far, there is little evidence that high oil prices will send the U.S. economy back into recession. Economists see high gas prices as a growing headwind, not a potential cause of a double-dip recession. Still, concerns are mounting.

　　迄今為止，鮮有跡象顯示高油價(jià)會(huì)讓美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)重回衰退狀態(tài)。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為高油價(jià)是越刮越厲害的逆風(fēng)，但并非引發(fā)二次衰退的潛在因素。盡管如此，擔(dān)憂仍在升級(jí)。

　　"We think the main risk to the economy is rising commodity prices and their effect on consumer spending," said Dean Maki, chief U.S. economist at Barclays Capital.

　　巴克萊資本的首席美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家馬奇（Dean Maki）說，我們認(rèn)為美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨的主要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是大宗商品價(jià)格不斷上漲及其對(duì)消費(fèi)者支出的影響。